📘 TU BSc CSIT 1st Semester – Introduction to Information Technology (CSC114)
Complete Notes, Important Questions & Past Questions
If you are a Tribhuvan University (TU) BSc CSIT 1st Semester student, this post provides chapter-wise complete notes, important exam questions, and past question trends for CSC114 – Introduction to Information Technology.
This article is strictly based on the official TU syllabus and is ideal for exam preparation, concept clarity, and quick revision.
📌 Course Overview (CSC114)
- University: Tribhuvan University
- Faculty: Institute of Science and Technology (IoST)
- Program: Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Information Technology
- Course Title: Introduction to Information Technology
- Course Code: CSC114
- Semester: I
- Nature: Theory + Lab
- Full Marks: 60 (Theory) + 20 (Lab) + 20 (Internal)
- Pass Marks: 24 + 8 + 8
- Credit Hours: 3
🎯 Course Objective
The main objective of this course is to provide fundamental knowledge of computers and information technology including hardware, software, data representation, networking, databases, internet technologies, multimedia, and computer security.
📚 Unit-Wise Notes (CSC114)
🔹 Unit 1: Introduction to Computer (3 Hrs)
Key Concepts
- Computer: An electronic device that accepts data, processes it, and produces meaningful output.
- Analog Computer: Works with continuous values (e.g., speedometer).
- Digital Computer: Works with discrete/binary values (0 and 1).
- Characteristics of Computer:
- Speed
- Accuracy
- Automation
- Versatility
- Reliability
- History of Computer: Abacus → ENIAC → EDVAC → UNIVAC
- Generations of Computer:
- First Generation – Vacuum Tubes
- Second Generation – Transistors
- Third Generation – Integrated Circuits
- Fourth Generation – Microprocessors
- Fifth Generation – AI-based systems
- Classification: Supercomputer, Mainframe, Minicomputer, Microcomputer
- Computer System: Hardware + Software + Data + User
- Applications: Education, Banking, Healthcare, Business, Science, Government
Important Questions
- Explain generations of computers.
- Differentiate analog and digital computers.
- List characteristics and applications of computers.
🔹 Unit 2: Computer System Hardware (3 Hrs)
Key Concepts
- CPU: Brain of the computer
- ALU
- Control Unit
- Registers
- Memory Unit: Stores data and instructions
- Instruction Format: Opcode + Operand
- Instruction Cycle: Fetch → Decode → Execute
- Microprocessor: Single-chip CPU
- Interconnection: System Bus (Data Bus, Address Bus, Control Bus)
- Inside Computer Cabinet: Motherboard, RAM, HDD/SSD, Power Supply, Cooling Fan
Important Questions
- Explain CPU with block diagram.
- Describe instruction cycle.
- What is a microprocessor?
🔹 Unit 3: Computer Memory (4 Hrs)
Key Concepts
- Memory Hierarchy: Register → Cache → RAM → Secondary Storage
- Registers: Fastest memory inside CPU
- Cache Memory: High-speed buffer between CPU and RAM
- Primary Memory: RAM and ROM
- Secondary Memory: HDD, SSD, Pen Drive
- Access Types: Sequential, Direct, Random
- Storage Devices: Magnetic Tape, Magnetic Disk, Optical Disk
Important Questions
- Explain memory hierarchy.
- Differentiate RAM and ROM.
- What is cache memory?
🔹 Unit 4: Input and Output Devices (4 Hrs)
Key Concepts
- Input Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone
- Human Data Entry Devices: Keyboard, Mouse
- Source Data Entry Devices: Barcode Reader, OCR
- Output Devices: Monitor, Printer, Speaker
- I/O Ports: USB, HDMI, VGA
- I/O System: Device Controller + Device Driver
Important Questions
- Explain types of input devices.
- What is an I/O port?
- Explain the working of the I/O system.
🔹 Unit 5: Data Representation (6 Hrs)
Key Concepts
- Number Systems: Decimal, Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal
- Conversions: Decimal ↔ Binary ↔ Octal ↔ Hexadecimal
- Binary Arithmetic: Addition, Subtraction
- Signed and Unsigned Numbers
- Binary Coding Schemes: ASCII, Unicode
- Logic Gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR
Important Questions
- Convert decimal to binary and hexadecimal.
- Explain logic gates with truth table.
- What is binary arithmetic?
🔹 Unit 6: Computer Software (6 Hrs)
Key Concepts
- Software: Set of instructions
- Types: System Software, Application Software
- Operating System Functions: Process, Memory, File, Device Management
- Types of OS: Batch, Multiprogramming, Time-sharing
- Examples: Windows, Linux, macOS
- Software Acquisition: Purchase, Open Source, Subscription
Important Questions
- Explain types of software.
- Describe functions of operating system.
- What is process management?
🔹 Unit 7: Data Communication & Network (5 Hrs)
Key Concepts
- Networking and data communication
- Transmission Media: Twisted Pair, Fiber Optic, Wireless
- Network Types: LAN, MAN, WAN
- Topologies: Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh
- Protocols: TCP/IP
- Devices: Router, Switch, Hub
- Wireless Networking: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth
Important Questions
- Explain network topologies.
- Differentiate LAN and WAN.
- What is a protocol?
🔹 Unit 8: Internet & Internet Services (4 Hrs)
- Internet and its architecture
- IP Address and Domain Name System
- Internet Services: Email, WWW, FTP
- Cloud Computing and IoT
- E-commerce, E-governance
- Smart City and GIS
🔹 Unit 9: Fundamentals of Database (4 Hrs)
- Database and DBMS
- Database Architecture: 1-tier, 2-tier, 3-tier
- Applications of Database
- Data Warehousing
- Data Mining and Big Data
🔹 Unit 10: Multimedia (3 Hrs)
- Multimedia concepts and characteristics
- Elements: Text, Graphics, Audio, Video
- Applications of multimedia
🔹 Unit 11: Computer Security (3 Hrs)
- Security threats and attacks
- Malicious Software: Virus, Worm, Trojan
- Security Services: Confidentiality, Integrity
- Security Mechanisms: Cryptography, Firewall, Digital Signature, IDS
- Security policy and awareness
📝 TU BSc CSIT CSC114 Past Question Trends
- Explain generations of computers.
- Describe CPU with diagram.
- Convert decimal number into binary and hexadecimal.
- Explain operating system and its functions.
- Differentiate RAM and ROM.
- Explain network topologies.
- What is DBMS? Explain its advantages.
- Define computer security and security mechanisms.
🧪 Laboratory Works (Overview)
- Identifying hardware components
- Working with operating systems
- MS Word, Excel, PowerPoint
- Internet and email usage
- Basic system management
📚 Recommended Books
- Computer Fundamentals – Anita Goel
- Introduction to Computers – Peter Norton
- Computer Fundamentals – P.K. Sinha
- Data Mining Concepts – Jiawei Han
- Cloud Computing Bible – Barrie Sosinsky
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